Evolving Irony

Humans have used irony for millennia—if not for all of our existence. It comes in many forms—sometimes used intentionally for either humorous or sarcastic purposes and sometimes unintentionally, when its humorous quality can mock the one making the statement. An example of intentional irony could be when a lecturer says to a quiet class, “Don't everyone speak at once.” An unintentional ironic example could be a sign in front of a business that reads, “We are committed to excellense.”

A dictionary definition of irony is “the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite—typically for humorous effect.” Its root comes from the Greek word eironeia (“simulated ignorance”), which stems from eiron (“dissembler”).

Perhaps the best-known ancient practitioner of irony is Socrates—whose behavior corresponded to the root meaning of irony, which stems from his time. In fact, Socrates' principle action was to feign ignorance when he encountered an unsuspecting victim on the streets of Athens, 2500 years ago. He would dissemble by faking admiration for the wisdom of that citizen, and then quizz them to the point of confounding them, by demonstrating their delusion. His behavior did not make him popular with Athens' gentry, so they sentenced him to death.

The use and understanding of irony has transformed over the centuries. In the 19^th century irony was used by Romantic philosophers in multi-layered ways—often implying a divided self that contained a variety of conflicting perspectives. It was a time when elites were floundering between the perspectives of the Enlightenment and the modern period.

In the early 20^th century irony often found itself being expressed in the context of the two world wars, when politicians seemed to spout fraudulent propaganda. Many common people used irony to puncture the phoniness of politicians They used lies to expose the lies of authority, in a way to bring to light the insanity that sent millions to their death in futile wars.

Today's use of irony has yet further evolved; now becoming more cynical in nature. Truth, morality, sincerity, and sentiment in the public arena are becoming increasingly rare today. We recognize that politicians mostly lie and thus we rarely expect sincerity or truth on their part. 

Similarly, the widespread use of texting, Facebook, and emails does not allow for the clarifying subtleties of tone or facial expression, so we try to make our intent clear by using emojis and abbreviations such as LOL and OMG. Maybe the ultimate ironic current expression is, “Whatever,” but is it not really expressing an alienated carelessness? In the meantime we wear T-shirts that read “Buy American,” or “Make America Great Again”... T-shirts made in China. Is that unintended irony? Where will the concept of irony evolve to next?