Sunday, February 2, 2014

Wrenched Orion--Part 2

Let's consider a more realistic example: the Orion Constellation. Its seven major stars appear in our Earthly sky as: 
 
And the constellation is often considered to look like this:
Orion is one of the more fascinating constellations, because most civilizations on Earth have tended to interpret this arrangement of stars as a warrior or hunter, with the three middle stars in a straight line seen as his belt, and the others as locating his arms and legs.

All of these perceptions view Orion as a two-dimensional figure, when it's really a three-dimensional arrangement of stars—all at different distances from us. In order to illustrate this, I constructed a model Orion as a three-dimensional collection of stars with cotton balls designating the brightest seven stars. I suspended the cotton balls from a piece of cardboard and took a photo from one perspective to demonstrate how Orion looks to us:
We see the seven stars as a two-dimensional figure. The three cotton balls that constitute the “belt” seem to be (pretty much) in a straight line. Compare to the figures above.

Now, if we could leave planet Earth and travel to some alternative point in space to view these seven stars, they would appear different to us. Let's move through “space” about 12o to the left. (I did this by moving my camera 12o to the left and took another photo. It looks like this:
This is how those seven Orion stars would appear to beings who viewed the constellation from this perspective. The four stars making up his arms and legs still appear in similar locations, but what is that triangular bundle of stars in the middle? Would people on this distant world consider them to be a belt (assuming that these aliens even had a waist and wore belts)? What kind of figure would they see in this arrangement of Orion's stars?

(By the way, if you “do the numbers,” the 12o shift in perspective of Orion that I describe above would constitute a spatial travel distance of about 140 light years from where we Earthlings reside. That's a hell of a move through space—it's over 30 times the distance to the nearest star: Proxima Centauri, which is about 4.3 light years away. If we were to take this trip on a space ship that could travel five times faster than anything humans have achieved so far, the trip would take nearly 1,000 years to make. That's one measure of how big even local space is.)


 

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