Monday, May 7, 2012

Darwin's Battle--Part 1


 
In his early twenties, when he was still trying to decide what he wanted to be when he grew up, Charles Darwin latched onto a future-altering job as naturalist aboard the English research vessel HMS Beagle. His task was to collect specimens during the ship’s voyage around the Americas and return them to England for examination by the country’s scientists. The goal was to add to the burgeoning knowledge of the natural world that his Victorian homeland was gathering.

For five years, young Charlie dutifully collected thousands of samples of animals, plants, and rocks. As he became absorbed in his activities, his inquiring mind began to probe evermore deeply into nature’s wonders, wonders that he was thrilled to be seeing first hand. He gradually came to understand that the English worldview that he’d inherited had some significant flaws; a worldview that had entangled its Victorian Christian beliefs with a growing body of scientific findings. Those who had constructed this worldview had not yet experienced any internal conflict between the prevailing religious and scientific beliefs; but that struggle was just over the horizon.

The English—who were then at the forefront of the natural sciences—were confident that the magnificently complex world that they were studying had been created as is, by the deity. The natural world was viewed as an intricate, peaceful, and beautiful creation that had been exquisitely fashioned; every creature and every plant just so, in a perfectly-meshed jigsaw puzzle. It simply remained for humans to discover how the puzzle had been assembled. Like the heavens above, they believed it was a grand plan that was flawless and enduring. Set in place by the Christian God, the world was so perfect that it never needed to change. It was this perspective that allowed them to blend science and religion, and not see the many dichotomies.

Charlie was very accepting of the English worldview when he shipped out on the Beagle. There was no internal conflict within him. He had recently enrolled in seminary and was being urged by his father to become an Anglican pastor. He was simply hoping to delay his lifelong assignment to some staid countryside parish, by grabbing a thrilling chance to see the world. He returned from the voyage with a transformed viewpoint and a passion for what he really wanted to do with his life: continue to pursue his studies of nature, rather than tend to the souls of parishioners.

He had experienced several revelations on his five-year odyssey: the main one being that the world was not fixed and unchanging. He saw many examples of nature having transformed from some earlier manifestation into what he was observing during his trip. For example, in Argentina he found fossil bones from what appeared to be several long-dead species of gigantic creatures. He knew there were much smaller living animals of almost identical species, which were roaming about the land. They must be related, he realized; yet the fossils provided evidence of extinct species—something long gone. Wasn’t this a case of nature having evolved over time—rather than having been created once, never to change?

More on Darwin’s battle next time…

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