Self-Inquiry--Part 2

Merton used the dialectical process as a way to grow spiritually. For example, he first went to the monastery because he needed to retreat from frenetic society and immerse himself in the cloister, literally casting off civilization. So, his initial thesis was to turn his back on society, in order to develop his spiritual life. But as he opened himself to his process of self-inquiry, he also realized that he cared very much for humanity and felt drawn to help them. His antithesis: engage with society and become active in social justice work. How could he do both?

These opposing tendencies tugged at him for years, and it systematically guided him—through the dialectical process—to become a prolific writer on social issues. His synthesis: become a contemplative activist; remain a monk while reaching out to the world through his writings and critical analysis. Because he was not swept up in society, Merton developed a unique insight into social problems and became a highly-regarded prophetic voice on contemporary concerns.

Something similar to the dialectical process is played out in scientific research. Here’s a simplified example of a dilemma that occurred a few decades ago. A scientist may have pondered the following problem: Why do stars in a galaxy move in a way that defies the current understanding of the nature of galaxies? The stars’ motions don’t seem to be what we expect, given our current knowledge of gravity and the mass of the stars. What are we missing? A thesis (or theory) would be proposed. Another scientist may have put forth an opposing theory. Who was right?

An answer (or a better theory, a new synthesis) could arise if they discussed the matter in an honest and open manner—listening to each other’s thinking. Together they could arrive at some experiments to run, that led to a synthesis: for example, that the mysterious star movement is caused by something never before anticipated. Through collaboration, they cooperatively reach the conclusion that some new form of matter is sprinkled throughout the galaxy. Let’s call it dark matter! Together, they arrived at an improved theory that accounts for the star movements.

In the process, however, a new question arose: What is dark matter? They’re still working on that one. Such is how science often progresses and evolves. Many astronomers are currently dialoging in a dialectical process that all of them hope will soon lead to the discovery of the nature of dark matter.

The dialectical process—whether done as a self-inquiry method or between disagreeing people—is a powerful technique that persistently leads to growth and understanding. A crucial property is that this approach avoids dogma and the belief that a final answer has been found. Those who grab an early answer before they fully understand the situation can become dogmatic and rigid in their beliefs.

The dialectical process requires integrity and humility. In Merton’s case, it led to his becoming one of the 20^th century’s spiritual giants. It also just might soon crack the nut of that mysterious dark matter.